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Psychological factors in language learning

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Introduction: Language learning is a universal human ability . All human beings learn at least one language but the need to learn a second language arises for most people especially in educational settings. The need to learn a language act as a stimulus for it. The degree of success a learning a second language depends on the individual's aptitude for language learning in general and the attitude towards a particular language.            The psychological factors with in the individuals learner that influence language learning . Motivation  There are three preconditions for language learning : 1. The language faculty 2. Access (or) exposure and 3. Motivation.          These preconditions both to first and second acquisition. All human beings have the innate language faculty that predisposes them to learn at least one language. The language faculty allows an individual to learn any number of languages accor...

Indian literature an introduction

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If some one were tell to us that Indian literature is a recent cultural phenomenon, what would our reaction be? Would we not b scandalized ? " How can such a statement possibly be true"? -  we are likely to ask. Did n't we have the Vedas, the Buddhist Sutras, the sufi songs, Bhakthi Poetry, the renaissance of art and literature during the period of the mughals, the vijayanagara kings. How can these traditions, which extend back through centuries, conceivably be recorded be regarded as "recent"? And at, is not "Indian literature" more than the some of the literature that exists over time in the cultural-geographical mass that is today called India. What some theorists have suggested is that while there have been diverse expressive traditions in the sub-continent, it was brought together in to a category called "Indian Literature" while we were imagining and building this nation - India. Clearly, we have processed Indian Writing in...